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Dinosaurs lived thousands not millions of years ago.

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March 27, 2024, 12:55:24 pm Mark says: Shocked Shocked Shocked Shocked  When Hamas spokesman Abu Ubaida began a speech marking the 100th day of the war in Gaza, one confounding yet eye-opening proclamation escaped the headlines. Listing the motives for the Palestinian militant group's Oct. 7 massacre in Israel, he accused Jews of "bringing red cows" to the Holy Land.
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September 24, 2017, 10:45:16 pm Psalm 51:17 says: The specific rule pertaining to the national anthem is found on pages A62-63 of the league rulebook. It states: “The National Anthem must be played prior to every NFL game, and all players must be on the sideline for the National Anthem. “During the National Anthem, players on the field and bench area should stand at attention, face the flag, hold helmets in their left hand, and refrain from talking. The home team should ensure that the American flag is in good condition. It should be pointed out to players and coaches that we continue to be judged by the public in this area of respect for the flag and our country. Failure to be on the field by the start of the National Anthem may result in discipline, such as fines, suspensions, and/or the forfeiture of draft choice(s) for violations of the above, including first offenses.”
September 20, 2017, 04:32:32 am Christian40 says: "The most popular Hepatitis B vaccine is nothing short of a witch’s brew including aluminum, formaldehyde, yeast, amino acids, and soy. Aluminum is a known neurotoxin that destroys cellular metabolism and function. Hundreds of studies link to the ravaging effects of aluminum. The other proteins and formaldehyde serve to activate the immune system and open up the blood-brain barrier. This is NOT a good thing."
http://www.naturalnews.com/2017-08-11-new-fda-approved-hepatitis-b-vaccine-found-to-increase-heart-attack-risk-by-700.html
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Author Topic: Dinosaurs lived thousands not millions of years ago.  (Read 4223 times)
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« on: October 21, 2013, 02:41:43 pm »

Unprecedented Blood-Filled Mosquito Fossil Raises Questions Over Evolutionary Dating Methods

The discovery of a fossilized mosquito has led some scientists to question the presumed age of ancient fossils and rock layers.
 
The National Academy of Sciences recently published a journal article written by a team of five American and European scientists. The 5-page paper details the recent discovery of a well-preserved, fossilized mosquito in northwestern Montana’s Kishenehn Formation. Remarkably, the fossil appears to contain traces of preserved blood—a feature that the discoverers describe as both “rare” and “unique.”
 
“The preservation of fossil female mosquito … was an extremely improbable event,” the journal article explains. “The insect had to take a blood meal, be blown to the water’s surface, and sink to the bottom of a pond or similar lacustrine structure to be quickly embedded in fine anaerobic sediment, all without disruption of its fragile distended blood-filled abdomen.”
 
The blood-engorged mosquito was discovered in shale sediment which many geologists claim is 46 million years old. Thus, the discovery team says the specimen must have been fossilized—blood and all—46 million years ago. But even many scientists are stunned that the blood could have survived over such an immense period of time. An article on the journal Nature’s website says it was “a long shot” that the blood was found still intact.

“The abdomen of a blood-engorged mosquito is like a balloon ready to burst. It is very fragile,” Dale Greenwalt, leader of the mosquito-finding team, told Nature. “The chances that it wouldn’t have disintegrated prior to fossilization were infinitesimally small.”
 
Therefore, some assert that the find indicates that the Montana shale formation is much younger than previously thought. Brian Thomas, science writer for the Institute for Creation Research (ICR), says the mosquito blood could not have possibly survived for nearly 50 million years. He told Christian News Network that scientists estimate specimens’ ages by correlating the fossils to data listed on standardized geologic charts.
 
“Investigating the origin of the numbered dates on the chart, notorious for being constantly tweaked,” Thomas explained, “reveals complicated circular reasoning involving deep time age assignments given to certain fossils on the assumption that those fossils were deposited during separate time eras rather than separate areas at nearly the same time.”

Thomas says that the rock-dating methods used in these situations are “notoriously unreliable,” since they often return “vastly inflated” age estimates. He noted that a journal article written by geologist Steven Austin detailed that one volcanic rock formed at Mt. St. Helens in 1986 was assigned an age of nearly 3 million years.
 
“The recent report of genuine [blood] … inside the Kishenehn Formation’s mosquito fossil assigns its age using similarly circular reasoning,” Thomas continued. “[The discovery team] asserts that the fossil is 46 million years old because the Kishenehn Formation is supposedly that old (although the reference they cited gave two ‘ages’—43 and 46 million, neither fitting within the other’s error margins). And where do they learn the Formation is that old? Because the corresponding fossils on the geologic chart indicate such an age.”
 
Thomas told Christian News Network that “there is no scientific evidence that heme groups can last, under any circumstances of preservation, for even one million, let alone many millions of years.” Thomas also pointed out that the shale rocks containing the mosquito fossil are rich with oil. Like blood, the organic oils “should have completely degraded long ago, especially considering how voracious oil-eating bacteria are known to be,” he said.
 
“Ultimately,” Thomas concluded, “the ‘millions of years’ dogma, bereft of genuine scientific substance, serves as the ultimate authority for geologists who wish to keep their jobs in a secularized discipline.”

http://christiannews.net/2013/10/21/unprecedented-blood-filled-mosquito-fossil-raises-questions-over-evolutionary-dating-methods/
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« Reply #1 on: October 21, 2013, 02:42:49 pm »

The mysteries of stunning soft tissue fossil finds

The controversial soft tissue finds of North Carolina State University paleontologist Mary Schweitzer are gaining renown, and for good reason. She found organic material in fossilized dinosaurs and other creatures that should not have existed after having supposedly been buried for millions of years. These groundbreaking discoveries are fascinating, and they raise big questions about the standard understanding of fossils and geology.
In 1992, while peering through a microscope at dinosaur bone fragments that had their hard minerals removed, Schweitzer discovered red discs that appeared identical to reptile red blood cells. She wrote in the December 2010 issue of Scientific American:

And those ruby microscopic structures appeared only in the vessel channels, never in the surrounding bone or in the sediments adjacent to the bones, just as should be true of blood cells.

The find was an utter shock because of the long-held belief that fossilized bones have had all their original materials replaced by external minerals. Thus, a colleague's admonition to prove they aren't red blood cells has motivated Schweitzer's research ever since. So far, she has been unable to do this. She has also been unable to prove that fresh-looking blood vessels, various soft protein samples, and structures identical to bone cells (osteocytes) are anything other than what they appear to be.

These discoveries presented profound mysteries. Researchers had always expected that "after millions of years, buried in sediments and exposed to geochemical conditions that varied over time, what was preserved in these bones might bear little chemical resemblance to what was there when the dinosaur was alive." But this is an extraordinary understatement. In fact, given what is known of tissue and biomolecular decay, after all that time there should be nothing preserved at all and, thus, zero resemblance to any original dinosaur tissue.

Schweitzer summarized the conundrum that her work presented, stating:

Our findings challenged everything scientists thought they knew about the breakdown of cells and molecules. Test-tube studies of organic molecules indicated that proteins should not persist more than a million years or so; DNA had an even shorter life span.

Actually, proteins take much less time than a million years to spontaneously decay. But neither ten thousand nor one million years are anywhere near the millions of years needed to make standard geological long-age scenarios plausible.

Thus, fossil soft tissue is caught between a rock and a hard place. On the one hand, it should not be there at all, based on lab studies. On the other hand, its presence is obvious.

Therefore, to accommodate soft cells from fossils into the standard long-ages view, scientists have had to make a tough choice. One option has been for biochemists to deny that the paleontologists are actually seeing what they claim is evident. Another choice has been for paleontologists to deny what the biochemists' lab experiments have measured.

Schweitzer appears to have favored the second option. She asked, "Why are these materials preserved when all our models say they should be degraded?"1 In this case, modifiable "models" have been substituted for easily repeatable, experimentally derived "data" in a classic case of bait-and-switch.

A third choice has been to play the role of the ostrich with its head buried in the sand and ignore the entire discussion. But there is a fourth option: Once the presumed need for "millions of years" is removed from age estimates, all the data harmonize.

That would also mean that the presence of still-soft original tissues buried in rock layers coincides with biblical records about the timing of earth history, which indicate that all of life was created only thousands of years ago.

http://english.pravda.ru/science/tech/21-12-2010/116298-soft_tissue_dinosaur-0/
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« Reply #2 on: October 21, 2013, 02:43:06 pm »

Soft tissue dinos are found all over, its just covered up as it doesn't fit in with the mainstream religious beliefs of scientists.

http://discovermagazine.com/2006/apr/dinosaur-dna

Here's another.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/3411/01.html
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« Reply #3 on: October 21, 2013, 02:43:35 pm »

Not a dinosaur, but a 10,000 + year old dead mammoth with soft tissue and blood.  Cheesy love this stuff

Mammoth find: Preserved Ice Age giant found with flowing blood in Siberia

Russian scientists discovered a fully-grown female mammoth with blood and well-preserved muscle tissue trapped in ice in Siberia. The findings come amid debates on whether the extinct species should be resurrected using DNA.

 Scientists say they have managed to find mammoth blood during the excavation of a grown female animal on the Lyakhovsky Islands, the southernmost group of the New Siberian Islands in the Arctic seas of northeastern Russia.
The dark blood was found in ice cavities below the belly of the animal. When researchers broke the cavities with a poll pick, the blood came flowing out. The fact surprised them because the temperature was 10C below zero.
 
"It can be assumed that the blood of mammoths had some cryo-protective properties,” said Semyon Grigoriev, head of the Museum of Mammoths of the Institute of Applied Ecology of the North at the North Eastern Federal University as cited by Interfax news agency.
 
The blood was placed in a test tube and a bacteriological analysis of the sample is expected soon.
The muscle tissue of the animal was also well-preserved and had a natural red color of fresh meat, added the scientist. Such preservation can be explained by the fact that the lower part of the mammoth’s body was trapped in pure ice, while the upper part was discovered in the middle of the tundra. The trunk was found separately from the carcass.
 
The researchers established that the female mammoth was between 50 and 60 years old when it died. Grigoriev noted that this was a unique find likely to prompt international intrigue.

"We are the first in the world to find the carcass of an adult female mammoth. Now she, along with the bones and some ice, weighs about one ton. We assume that during life she weighed about three tons," he acknowledged.
The head of the museum also suggested that the mammoth lived from 10,000 to 15,000 years ago.
Scientists have suggested that perhaps the animal fell through the ice, escaping from predators. However, its thought the predators still feasted on part of trapped mammoth.
 
Foreign experts are expected to see the unique mammoth material in July, according to reports.
 
Three adult mammoth carcasses, including the latest discovery of the Yakut scientists, have been found in the history of paleontology. However, despite such a good state of preservation, the scientists have not yet found enough living cells for cloning the species. Grigoriev noted that the repair of DNA is a very complex process that can take years.
The latest discovery and its research heralds the possibility of bringing the animal back to life in the future, though there is a lot of controversy around the issue of cloning.
 
A team of researchers from Russia and South Korea in September 2012 said they had discovered mammoth tissue fragments buried under meters of permafrost in eastern Siberia that could contain living cells. However the number of cells was too few to achieve successful cloning and the issue was treated with skepticism by many stem cell scientists.
 
Mammoths are believed to have died off around 4,000 years ago. There is dispute among scientists about the exact cause of the extinction - climate change and hunting by man are frequently cited as causes.
 
video: http://rt.com/news/mammoth-blood-ice-siberia-908/
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« Reply #4 on: October 21, 2013, 02:47:09 pm »

Rock layers age = circular reasoning!



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« Reply #5 on: November 05, 2013, 05:35:18 am »

Unprecedented Skull Discovery Raises Serious Questions Over Evolutionary Premises

The discovery of an ancient human skull in the Asian country of Georgia has thrown the proverbial monkey wrench into the theory of human evolution.
 
On October 18th, Science Magazine published a journal article titled, “A Complete Skull from Dmanisi, Georgia, and the Evolutionary Biology of Early Homo.” The article records the discovery of a human skull found in Dmanisi, Georgia, where numerous other ancient human remains have been discovered.
 
The skull had been discovered in 2005; however, as explained in the journal article abstract, scientists have only recently determined the significance of the skull.
 
“Here we report on a new cranium from Dmanisi that, together with its mandible, represents the world’s first completely preserved adult hominid skull from the early Pleistocene,” the abstract reports. “The Dmanisi sample, which now comprises five crania, provides direct evidence for wide morphological variation within and among early Homo paleodemes. This implies the existence of a single evolving lineage of early Homo, with phylogeographic continuity across continents.”

For evolutionists, the skull presents a major problem. According to naturalistic dating methods, the specimen is nearly 2 million years old. Yet, despite the alleged ancient age, the skull is similar to today’s cranial structures, with differences that could fit into variation levels of modern humans.
 
For decades, evolutionists have claimed that different human species evolved at different rates in various locations. However, the skull discovery in Georgia shows that there was actually much more continuity than predicted, with only one distinct lineage of humans. Critics of evolution say this discovery lends support to the creationist model of human history, since the Bible outlines that all nations were “made of one blood” (Acts 17:26).
 
David Lordkipanidze, lead study author for the research, admitted that the skull discovery in Georgia has forced anthropologists to reconsider long-held evolution premises regarding the history of humans across the world. As Lordkipanidze put it, evolutionary scientists are now “rethinking what happened in Africa.”

Major mainstream outlets are also reporting how the Georgia skull has presented a significant challenge to evolutionary theory.
 
“[The skull discovery] has led researchers to a surprising conclusion: Specimens that supposedly represent several early human species might be merely different-sized individuals from the same species,” NBC News reports. “If the conclusion holds up, the skull discovery would require a major rewrite for the story of early human evolution.”
 
“[R]esearchers suggest that the fossil record of what have been considered different Homo species from this time period … could actually be variations on a single species, Homo erectus,” CNN explains. “That defies the current understanding of how early human relatives should be classified.”
 
“Modern humans have an enormous variation in statute (4 to 7 feet), physical appearance (coal black aborigines to lily white Scandinavians), and brain capacity (700 to 2000 cc),” writes Bruce Malone in his book Censored Science. “It is apparent from the fossil record that this human disparity was larger in the past. … It is also apparent that fully human skull shapes were more diverse in the past.”
 
“None of this dissimilarity is proof of evolution,” Malone continues, “but simply of the enormous variety created within the original human gene pool.”
 
“Why aren’t erectus-like skulls found in rocks assigned with old ages,” Malone concludes, “also explained as simply the result of human variation, disease, or environmental causes? This blatant inconsistency in the handling of human fossils is strong evidence that there is something very suspicious about the all-pervading ‘apelike-creature-to-man’ evolution story.”

http://christiannews.net/2013/11/04/unprecedented-skull-discovery-raises-serious-questions-over-evolutionary-premises/?utm
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« Reply #6 on: November 05, 2013, 12:57:32 pm »

Quote
“[R]esearchers suggest that the fossil record of what have been considered different Homo species from this time period … could actually be variations on a single species, Homo erectus,” CNN explains.

That's what I've believed all along. It's amazed me to see these alleged experts take one small part of a skeleton, and claim it's a unique "species" of "early human". NO, it's just one sample of a human. How people are shaped is so varied, you need a bunch of nearly complete examples of the same thing to say it's a unique line.

Scientists!  Roll Eyes
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« Reply #7 on: December 03, 2013, 05:54:31 am »

Discovery of Ancient Spear Tips Confounds Evolutionists, ‘Raises Questions on Evolution’

Scientists are reconsidering evolutionary assumptions after man-made javelin tips were discovered in a geologic layer that, according to evolutionists, supposedly predates humans by 80,000 years. During a recent archaeological dig, scientists unearthed numerous stone-tipped projectiles near Lake Ziway in central Ethiopia. The projectiles, which show clear signs of use, are puzzling to evolutionary scientists, since the geologic formation in which they were found is supposedly 280,000 years old. However, evolutionists claim modern humans did not evolve until about 200,000 years ago. These unexpected findings were reported in the November edition of the journal PLOS ONE. In the article, the scientists confirmed that the sharpened stone artifacts were almost certainly used as javelin tips.   

MORE: http://christiannews.net/2013/12/02/discovery-of-ancient-spear-tips-confounds-evolutionists-raises-questions-on-evolution/
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« Reply #8 on: March 07, 2014, 08:39:04 am »

Massive Dinosaur Soft Tissue Discovery In China – Includes Skin And Feathers!

A fossil bed in China that is being called “Jurassic Park” has yielded perhaps the greatest dinosaur soft tissue discovery of all time.  According to media reports, “nearly-complete skeletons” have been discovered that even include skin and feathers.  But of course if these dinosaurs are really “160 million years old”, that should be absolutely impossible.  Needless to say, this shocking discovery is once again going to have paleontologists scrambling to find a way to prop up the popular myths that they have been promoting.  What they have been telling us simply does not fit the facts.  The truth is that this latest find is even more evidence that dinosaurs are far, far younger than we have traditionally been taught.

Once upon a time, scientists believed that it would be impossible to find anything other than the hardened fossilized remains of extinct dinosaurs.  And if those dinosaurs really were millions of years old, those scientists would have been 100% correct.  But instead, we are now starting to find dinosaur soft tissue all over the place.  The following is an excerpt from a recent Daily Mail article about this new discovery in China…

    Almost more impressive than the diversity of the biota is the preservation of many of the vertebrate specimens, according to the study published in the Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology.

    Fossils include complete or nearly-complete skeletons associated with preserved soft tissues such as feathers, fur, skin or even, in some of the salamanders, external gills.

    One is the feathered dinosaur Epidexipteryx whose soft tissues have been revealed by the use of ultraviolet light scanners.

    A fossil of the salamander Chunerpeton shows not only the preserved skeleton but also its skin and external gills.

Wow.

Hopefully scientists in the west will get a chance to closely examine these soft tissue samples.

Prior to 1991, you would have been laughed out of the room if you had suggested that we might dig up the soft tissue of dinosaurs someday.

But all of that changed when Mary Schweitzer, a molecular paleontologist at North Carolina State University, did something that was absolutely unthinkable.  The following comes from an article in Smithsonian Magazine…

    In 1991, Schweitzer was trying to study thin slices of bones from a 65-million-year-old T. rex. She was having a hard time getting the slices to stick to a glass slide, so she sought help from a molecular biologist at the university. The biologist, Gayle Callis, happened to take the slides to a veterinary conference, where she set up the ancient samples for others to look at. One of the vets went up to Callis and said, “Do you know you have red blood cells in that bone?” Sure enough, under a microscope, it appeared that the bone was filled with red disks. Later, Schweitzer recalls, “I looked at this and I looked at this and I thought, this can’t be. Red blood cells don’t preserve.”

    Schweitzer showed the slide to Horner. “When she first found the red-blood-cell-looking structures, I said, Yep, that’s what they look like,” her mentor recalls. He thought it was possible they were red blood cells, but he gave her some advice: “Now see if you can find some evidence to show that that’s not what they are.”

    What she found instead was evidence of heme in the bones—additional support for the idea that they were red blood cells. Heme is a part of hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen in the blood and gives red blood cells their color. “It got me real curious as to exceptional preservation,” she says.

Posted below is an excerpt from a 60 Minutes video report about her remarkable discovery…

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M9VbDFCndMI&feature=player_embedded

Of course since that time, many others have also dug up dinosaur soft tissue.  At this point, more than thirty specimens have been discovered and tested, and the specimens have come from an impressive array of various dinosaurs…

    The dinosaurs and other Mesozoic creatures that have yielded their biological material are hadrosaur, titanosaur, ornithomimosaur [ostrich-like dinosaurs], mosasaur, triceratops, Lufengosaurs, T. rex, and Archaeopteryx.

When Schweitzer originally made her discovery public, she was viciously attacked by other evolutionists who insisted that finding dinosaur soft tissue that was millions of years old was absolutely impossible.

And those evolutionists were right.

If the dinosaurs were really that old it would be impossible.

But now sample after sample and test after test have proven without a shadow of a doubt that we really are digging up dinosaur soft tissue.

Schweitzer and other paleontologists that are desperate to prop up their existing theories are now suggesting that “iron in the blood” could have preserved the soft tissue that we are finding for all of these millions of years.

If you believe that laughable theory, I have a bridge to sell you.

But there are a lot of people out there that are so desperate to keep believing their flawed version of “the truth” that they are actually buying it.

If you are interested in more of the technical details of this theory, you can find a more detailed explanation right here.

And of course it is not just soft tissue that scientists have to account for…

    It is not just dinosaur soft tissue, either, but the presence of detectable proteins such as collagen, hemoglobin, osteocalcin, actin, and tubulin that they must account for. These are complex molecules that continually tend to break down to simpler ones.

    Not only that, but in many cases, there are fine details of the bone matrix, with microscopically intact-looking bone cells (osteocytes) showing incredible detail. And Schweitzer has even recovered fragments of the even more fragile and complex molecule, DNA. This has been extracted from the bone cells with markers indicating its source such that it is extremely likely to be dinosaur DNA.

In this case, I think that it would be very appropriate to apply Occam’s razor.  The reason why we are finding dinosaur bones with soft tissue in them is because they simply are not very old.

And when we carbon date dinosaur bones, it tells us the exact same thing.

Due to the rate that it decays, there should be absolutely no measurable radioactive carbon left in anything that was once living that is greater than 100,000 years old.

So there should be absolutely no measurable radioactive carbon in dinosaur bones.

But instead, that is precisely what we find.  Here is one example…

    “In June of 1990, Hugh Miller submitted two dinosaur bone fragments to the Department of Geosciences at the University in Tucson, Arizona for carbon-14 analysis. One fragment was from an unidentified dinosaur. The other was from an Allosaurus excavated by James Hall near Grand Junction, Colorado in 1989. Miller submitted the samples without disclosing the identity of the bones. (Had the scientists known the samples actually were from dinosaurs, they would not have bothered dating them, since it is assumed dinosaurs lived millions of years ago—outside the limits of radiocarbon dating.) Interestingly, the C-14 analysis indicated that the bones were from 10,000-16,000 years old—a far cry from their alleged 60-million-year-old age.”

And the truth is that radioactive carbon is being found in dinosaur bones that have been excavated all over the planet…

    Real Science Radio interviewed a scientist returning from the American Geophysical Union’s conference in Singapore where his international team presented results from five respected laboratories documenting significant quantities of Carbon 14 in bones from ten dinosaurs excavated from Alaska, Europe, Texas, Montana, and China’s Gobi Desert.

Additional evidence for the young age of dinosaurs comes from the fact that we find very accurate depictions of dinosaurs in ancient artwork all over the planet.  This is something that I covered in my previous article entitled “Why Does Ancient Art Contain Depictions Of Flying Aircraft, Helicopters And Dinosaurs?”

Considering the fact that we only started digging up dinosaurs a couple hundred years ago, how did those ancient people know what they looked like?

That is something to think about.

I realize that this article is going to directly challenge things that a lot of people have believed all of their lives.

But we are never going to get anywhere if we just have blind faith in whatever the system tells us to believe.

It pays to question everything and to allow logic and reason to lead us to the truth.

http://thetruthwins.com/archives/massive-dinosaur-soft-tissue-discovery-in-china-includes-skin-and-feathers
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« Reply #9 on: May 27, 2014, 06:28:14 am »

Dinosaur Skin Discovery Threatens to Debunk Long-Held Evolutionary Assumptions

The discovery by Canadian researchers of well-preserved dinosaur remains has proven to be a direct challenge to longstanding evolutionary assumptions.

In June of last year, a group of scientists with Canadian Light Source (CLS)—a research team dedicated primarily to studying the composition of matter via synchrotron science—unearthed a fascinating dinosaur fossil in western Alberta. Much to the researchers’ astonishment, a piece of well-preserved dinosaur skin was attached to the hadrosaur fossil.

One of the scientists on the team, University of Regina physicist Mauricio Barbi, was thrilled about the discovery, commenting that the specimen could be a key to learning more about what dinosaurs looked like.

“If we are able to observe the melanosomes and their shape,” he explained in a CLS press release, “it will be the first time pigments have been identified in the skin of a dinosaur. We have no real idea what the skin looks like. … There has been research that proved the color of some dinosaur feathers, but never skin.”

Barbi also wants to learn more about the theoretical evolution of the hadrosaur from studying this particular fossil.

“As we use high technology to understand the inner structure of these things,” he told the Leader-Post, “I can contribute to the understanding of our animals and how they evolved.”

Meanwhile, as some scientists are elated by this discovery’s implications, others are asking a very basic question: How could this dinosaur skin—which, according to evolutionary models, is at least 60 million years old—have possibly remained intact without decaying away?

Many Biblical creationists say the answer is simple: It couldn’t have.

Brian Thomas, head science writer for the Institute for Creation Research (ICR), recently published an article for ICR, in which he details why it is absurd to believe that dinosaur skin like this could have possibly survived for tens of millions of years.

“Who, upon entering a room and encountering a burning candle,” he wrote, “would immediately begin to wonder what special something about that candle enabled it to continually burn for a million years? Would it not make more sense to first question how long such a candle could potentially burn before going out?”

In an interview with Christian News Network, Thomas explained that skin is primarily comprised of collagen, which is a tough, insoluble protein. Despite its resilience, rigorous tests have shown that collagen (like other proteins) decays steadily over time, and—even in ideal, “best case” scenarios—could never last more than one million years. In fact, under realistic conditions, collagen’s maximum “shelf life” is probably closer to 300,000 years.

Given the constant decay rate of proteins, Thomas compared the collagen in dinosaur skin to an egg timer.

“When the timer ‘dings,’ there should be no skin left,” he stated. “Even if it’s encased in rock, it turns into dust right in the middle of the rock, because of the nature of the chemistry. So … the timer should have ‘dinged’ long before the millions of years that evolutionists have provided for these kinds of fossils.”

Even though findings like the one in Alberta are rare, Thomas mentioned that there have been several other discoveries of soft tissue and proteins in fossils that are supposedly millions of years old. A list from the ICR website chronicles numerous peer-reviewed journal articles over the years that have reported such findings.

On the other hand, a much better explanation for the existence of these animal remains, Thomas remarked, would be the young-earth Creation model. According to this belief, based upon the Scriptures, most dinosaur fossils were buried during the Great Flood around 4,400 years ago.

Nevertheless, despite what he sees as mounting evidence, Thomas pointed out that evolutionists still dogmatically claim that these animal remains are millions of years old.

“They do, they have, and they will,” he said.

http://christiannews.net/2013/06/13/dinosaur-skin-discovery-threatens-to-debunk-long-held-evolutionary-assumptions/
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« Reply #10 on: July 25, 2014, 11:29:54 am »


University Silences Scientist After Dinosaur Discovery

07/23/2014
 
​Los Angeles, CA—A scientist was terminated from his job at a California State University after discovering soft tissue on a triceratops fossil, and then publishing his findings. Pacific Justice Institute filed suit, yesterday, with the Los Angeles County Superior Court, against the board of trustees of CSU, Northridge, citing discrimination for perceived religious views.

"Terminating an employee because of their religious views is completely inappropriate and illegal," commented Brad Dacus, President of PJI. "But doing so in an attempt to silence scientific speech at a public university is even more alarming. This should be a wakeup call and warning to the entire world of academia," he continued.
While at a dig at Hell Creek formation in Montana, the scientist, Mark Armitage, came upon the largest triceratops horn ever unearthed at the site. When examining the horn under a high-powered microscope back at CSUN, Armitage was fascinated to see the soft tissue. The discovery stunned members of the scientific community because it indicates that dinosaurs roamed the earth only thousands of years in the past rather than going extinct 60 million years ago.
 
According to court documents, shortly after the original soft tissue discovery, a university official challenged the motives of Armitage, by shouting at him, "We are not going to tolerate your religion in this department!"
 
Armitage, a published scientist of over 30 years, was subsequently let go after CSUN abruptly claimed his appointment at the university of 38 months had been temporary, and claimed a lack of funding for his position. This was news to him, and contradicted prior statements and documents from the university.
 
Michael Peffer, staff attorney with PJI's southern California office said, "It has become apparent that 'diversity' and 'intellectual curiosity,' so often touted as hallmarks of a university education, do not apply to those with a religious point of view. This suit was filed, in part, to vindicate those ideals."

- See more at: http://www.pacificjustice.org/press-releases/university-silences-scientist-after-dinosaur-discovery#sthash.G8sIGDJz.dpuf


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« Reply #11 on: August 07, 2014, 07:39:32 am »

More proof that the evolutionary belief is false and that the geological column is nothing more than a made up fallacy


Discovery of Fossilized Brain Matter Floors Scientists, Challenges Evolution

Archaeologists working in Norway were recently stunned when they discovered what appears to be remains of a fossilized brain—a find that could prove to be a significant challenge to the evolutionary timescale.

A team of about a dozen scientists affiliated with the University of Oslo in Norway has been digging for the past two months in a fjordside area near Oslo. The researchers believe the location was once the site of a Stone Age civilization, where—according to secular models—humans supposedly lived 8,000 years ago.

As reported by Norwegian Broadcasting, the team of archaeologists has unearthed several noteworthy specimens, including ancient bone remnants and other biological material.

“The fact that we’re uncovering a whole lot of things that are exceptional on a national basis, makes this very special,” said Gaute Reitan, the leader of the excavations.

However, one find in particular completely surprised the scientists and may directly contradict the evolutionary timeframe. The shocking discovery came when the archaeologists noticed softer gray material inside a skull remnant.

“It’s not easy to see, you need to have some training and have an open mind,” Reitan told reporters. “But we saw something brown, with a bit darker surface.”

The scientists believe they have found brain matter, somehow preserved after all these years.

“Inside [the skull] is something rather grey and clay-like,” Reitan explained. “You can just think for yourself what that may be.”

Right now, the scientists are unsure whether the bone fragments belonged to people or animals. Regardless, their dating methods indicate that the specimens from the dig site, including the apparent brain matter, are nearly 8,000 years old.

Can brain matter survive for eight millennia without disintegrating entirely? Brian Thomas, science writer for the Institute for Creation Research (ICR), says that is highly unlikely.

“The biblical idea of post-Flood mega-storms supplies a framework for rapid and catastrophic inundations—those unique conditions required to mineralize soft organs before the tissues disintegrate,” Thomas wrote in a recent ICR article. “Plus, the idea of a recent creation supplies a timeframe for ancient soft tissues to fit within their expected shelf-lives.”

Thomas says this Norwegian find is similar to a 2010 discovery, when potential brain remnants were found on an African ape fossil that was allegedly 1.9 million years old. These discoveries, Thomas argues, do not comport with the evolutionary timeframe.

“In a biblical framework,” Thomas wrote, “the remains from both the African and Norwegian fossil sites were buried after the Flood, and would thus be fewer than 4,500 years old. Since brains disintegrate with time like all soft tissue, older age assignments for fossil brains seem less credible.”

However, the biblical model may provide a better explanation for these recent discoveries. In fact, in a 2009 article, Thomas predicted that scientists would likely unearth brain matter and soft tissues in fossil remains.

“Given the catastrophic formation indicated by most of earth’s geologic structures and the massive extermination of life represented in the fossil record … the biblical Flood is a valid and relevant interpretive key to earth’s past,” he wrote at the time. “It can be expected that more soft tissue fossils, including brains and perhaps visceral organs, will be found.”

As previously reported, a scientist at California State University was recently fired for discovering soft tissue on a Triceratops fossil. In a similar situation, a team of Canadian researchers were surprised to find well-preserved dinosaur remains on a fossil that was purportedly 60 million years old.

http://christiannews.net/2014/08/05/discovery-of-fossilized-brain-matter-floors-scientists-challenges-evolution/
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« Reply #12 on: September 07, 2014, 06:18:00 pm »

Evolutionists Evade Critical Thinking: Author Says No Surprise Scientist Fired for Fossil Find

A Christian author from the Pacific Northwest is adding his voice to a growing national discussion as a scientist is challenging his former university employer in court after being fired for presenting colossal fossil evidence invalidating evolutionary “millions of years” theory.

As previously reported, Mark Armitage was a scientist at California State University—Northridge (CSUN) up until two years ago, where he worked as a researcher and supervised the school’s electron microscope laboratory. He was suddenly terminated after he discovered soft tissue on a Triceratops fossil, the findings of which were also published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.

Armitage believes that some at the the university were displeased by his discovery, since they were convinced that the fossil was tens of millions of years old. He states because of his find and subsequent report, his supervisor entered the lab and declared, “We will not tolerate your religion in this department!”

“Suffice it to say,” Armitage, who has now filed suit against his former employer, told reporters, “some people in the department didn’t appreciate [the soft tissue discovery], and somehow they seemed to work a way to have me very quickly removed from my position.”

Armitage recently appeared on the radio broadcast Creation Moments after listeners sent him hundreds of letters of support surrounding his legal challenge.

“[W]e have the evolutionists on the run,” he said. “They are scrambling to explain the presence of these delicate and life-like cells and tissues that could in no way survive the ravages of deep time. In fact, it is astounding that they are there even after the thousands of years since the Great Flood of Noah. Even if we allow only 3,000 years since the Flood, these observations of soft tissues are stunning.”

Armitage also said that word about his find can be an evangelistic tool in and of itself.

“Tell your unsaved friends that you have a friend (me) who has been going on dinosaur digs and is unearthing and publishing his findings of soft tissues,” he continued. “Tell them he has predicted that soft dino tissues are the norm and not the exception in the fossil layers and he is finding it everywhere. Tell them if soft tissues are the norm, then the Earth cannot possibly be old, and that suddenly Genesis is believable as actual history.”

“You can get to the good news about Jesus in about 60 seconds and folks listen because they are stunned to hear that soft dinosaur tissues exist!” Armitage exclaimed.

Dan Greenup, author of Generation Why? and other thought-provoking writings, told Christian News Network on Friday that he is not surprised Armitage was fired over his discovery as evolutionists fear critical thinking.

“All of us were told about the importance of free inquiry, critical thinking and diversity in school, but it’s really not true,” he said. “Universities generally love diversity of skin color and diversity of sexual orientation, but they’re not interested in diversity of opinion. They want you to believe what they believe, and they definitely don’t want you to critically think about it. So, it comes as no surprise that Mr. Armitage has been fired for his findings.”

“[I ]f dinosaurs went extinct 65 million years old, dinosaur fossils shouldn’t have soft tissue, red blood cells or blood vessels,” Greenup, who was raised in evolutionary teaching, continued. “Sure, several years back, Dr. Mary Schweitzer found dinosaur bones with red blood cells. Of course, she wasn’t fired, and perhaps that’s because she didn’t reach the conclusions Mr. Armitage did. Yet, it takes quite the leap of faith to believe these fossils have been preserved for at least 65 million years. It’s more reasonable to believe these fossils were rapidly buried by water and sediment a few thousand years ago during a worldwide flood.”

He agreed with Armitage that the fossil find can point the way to the gospel.

“The Bible says ‘be not conformed to this world,'” Greenup, who also speaks to youth groups along the Pacific Northwest, stated. “Young people in this country have been spoon-fed this business of evolution being a proven fact, but in reality, it’s got more in common with science fiction than it does with science.”

“Mr. Armitage said you should tell your unsaved friends that ‘if soft tissues are the norm, then the Earth cannot possibly be old, and that suddenly Genesis is believable as actual history.’ In other words, since the Bible is correct about how we got here, it suddenly becomes a lot easier to believe it has the answer to why we’re here,” he said. “It’s time to put that critical thinking we were told about in school to use and question authority. It’s time to take a serious look at what the Bible has to say about why we’re here.”

Greenup believes that evolution, at its core, is really an attack on the cross of Christ, and wrote Generation Why? to “preach the good news of Jesus’ death, burial and resurrection to a generation that’s been conditioned to think that it’s nonsense.”

“The Bible says that we preach Christ crucified unto the Jews a stumbling block and unto the Greeks foolishness. Young people have been brought up to believe that the cross is nonsense, in the sense that evolution is taught as fact,” he explained. “If evolution is true, then God really doesn’t exist. If God doesn’t exist, then what’s right and wrong is left up to personal opinion. And if that’s the case, then there’s really no sin. And so, why would Jesus have to die?”



http://christiannews.net/2014/09/06/evolutionists-evade-critical-thinking-author-says-no-surprise-scientist-fired-for-colossal-fossil-find/
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« Reply #13 on: April 14, 2015, 05:50:09 am »

290 million year old human footprint has researchers scratching their heads

Is it possible that we have history all wrong? That the dates that conventional history is giving us regarding mankind are all incorrect? That humans lived on Earth much sooner that science originally thought so? With all of the recent discoveries that are being made, it certainly seems like a possibility. A Possibility that mainstream scholars seem to have a problem with, since that would mean our history book would need to be rewritten? The origin of man and the fundamentals of religions would change a lot, and that is something that mainstream scholars cannot possibly deal with.



At first this footprint might not seem like much, as you can probably come across it anywhere on Earth, but this is no ordinary footprint. You can obviously see the anatomy of it, it resembles a modern-day human foot, but the thing is, this footprint is fossilized and embedded into a stone that researchers believe is at around 290 million years old. That is a gigantic missing period of time that if proven to be accurate will change a lot of things in society as we know it today.

The discovery of the 290 million year old footprint was made in New Mexico by paleontologist Jerry MacDonald in 1987. In the vicinity of this mysterious footprint there are fossilized impressions of birds and other animals. The discovery of the human impression has left MacDonald particularly puzzled and not he or anyone who has seen and studied the impression has not been able to explain how this modern footprint could have been located in the Permian strata, which according to scholars dates from 290 to 248 million years, a time period which occurred long before man or even birds and dinosaurs existed on this planet, of course, that is according to modern science and scientific thinking.

Should we change the way we think and look at things? Or should we accept modern-day scientific thinking which suggests, there is no way that is a human footprint dating back 290 millions of years. It seems to be an ongoing debate between people who firmly believe that history is wrong, and those who point out that all of these mysterious findings are actually a hoax and have nothing to do with reality.

This 290 million year old footprint has been categorized by paleontologists as problematic as they do not seem to understand the way it got there, and better yet, who left it there. Basically some would say that to prove that this footprint which dates back 290 million years isn’t a fake, all we have to do is find something similar to it, and researchers have found numerous unexplainable things that can be connected with this footprint found in New Mexico.

Researchers have had mixed feelings about this footprint, and they don’t seem to try very hard to debunk it, nor have they argued about the authenticity of the footprint. According to most researchers, they comment on the matter saying that ” It just looks like a human footprint”. Well, it doesn’t only look like one, it clearly is one.

thats because it is thousands of years old, not millions.  Tongue

http://www.ancient-code.com/290-million-year-old-human-footprint-has-researchers-scratching-their-heads/
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« Reply #14 on: April 17, 2015, 11:43:28 am »

ahhh, this just proves that evolution is a religion. Scientists cant even cope with the truth, well as close to it as they can get. Still a couple of years off, but they are getting closer.

Carbon-14-dated dinosaur bones are less than 40,000 years old

Researchers have found a reason for the puzzling survival of soft tissue and collagen in dinosaur bones - the bones are younger than anyone ever guessed.  Carbon-14 (C-14) dating of multiple samples of bone from 8 dinosaurs found in Texas, Alaska, Colorado, and Montana revealed that they are only 22,000 to 39,000 years old.

Members of the Paleochronology group presented their findings at the 2012 Western Pacific Geophysics Meeting in Singapore, August 13-17, a conference of the American Geophysical Union (AGU) and the Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS).

Since dinosaurs are thought to be over 65 million years old, the news is stunning - and more than some can tolerate.  After the AOGS-AGU conference in Singapore, the abstract was removed from the conference website by two chairmen because they could not accept the findings.  Unwilling to challenge the data openly, they erased the report from public view without a word to the authors.  When the authors inquired, they received this letter:




They did not look at the data and they never spoke with the researchers.  They did not like the test results, so they censored them.

Carbon-14 is considered to be a highly reliable dating technique.  It's accuracy has been verified by using C-14 to date artifacts whose age is known historically.  The fluctuation of the amount of C-14 in the atmosphere over time adds a small uncertainty, but contamination by "modern carbon" such as decayed organic matter from soils poses a greater possibility for error.

Dr. Thomas Seiler, a physicist from Germany, gave the presentation in Singapore.  He said that his team and the laboratories they employed took special care to avoid contamination.  That included protecting the samples, avoiding cracked areas in the bones, and meticulous pre-cleaning of the samples with chemicals to remove possible contaminants.  Knowing that small concentrations of collagen can attract contamination, they compared precision Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) tests of collagen and bioapatite (hard carbonate bone mineral) with conventional counting methods of large bone fragments from the same dinosaurs.  "Comparing such different molecules as minerals and organics from the same bone region, we obtained concordant C-14 results which were well below the upper limits of C-14 dating.  These, together with many other remarkable concordances between samples from different fossils, geographic regions and stratigraphic positions make random contamination as origin of the C-14 unlikely".

The theoretical limit for C-14 dating is 100,000 years using AMS, but for practical purposes it is 45,000 to 55,000 years.  The half-life of C-14 is 5730 years.  If dinosaur bones are 65 million years old, there should not be one atom of C-14 left in them.

Many dinosaur bones are not petrified.  Dr. Mary Schweitzer, associate professor of marine, earth, and atmospheric sciences at North Carolina State University, surprised scientists in 2005 when she reported finding soft tissue in dinosaur bones.  She started a firestorm of controversy in 2007 and 2008 when she reported that she had sequenced proteins in the dinosaur bone.  Critics charged that the findings were mistaken or that what she called soft tissue was really biofilm produced by bacteria that had entered from outside the bone.  Schweitzer answered the challenge by testing with antibodies.  Her report in 2009 confirmed the presence of collagen and other proteins that bacteria do not make.  In 2011, a Swedish team found soft tissue and biomolecules in the bones of another creature from the time of the dinosaurs, a Mosasaur, which was a giant lizard that swam in shallow ocean waters.  Schweitzer herself wonders why these materials are preserved when all the models say they should be degraded.  That is, if they really are over 65 million years old, as the conventional wisdom says.

Dinosaur bones with Carbon-14 dates in the range of 22,000 to 39,000 years before present, combined with the discovery of soft tissue in dinosaur bones, indicate that something is indeed wrong with the conventional wisdom about dinosaurs.

However, it has been hard to reach the public with the information.  Despite being simple test results without any interpretation, they were blocked from presentation in conference proceedings by the 2009 North American Paleontological Convention, the American Geophysical Union in 2011 and 2012, the Geological Society of America in 2011 and 2012, and by the editors of various scientific journals.  Fortunately, there is the internet.



The data: Carbon-14 in dinosaur bones

chart at site: http://newgeology.us/presentation48.html

(a)  Acro (Acrocanthosaurus) is a carnivorous dinosaur excavated in 1984 near Glen Rose TX by C. Baugh and G. Detwiler; in 108 MA Cretaceous sandstone - identified by Dr. W. Langston of Un. of TX at Austin.

Allosaurus is a carnivorous dinosaur excavated in 1989 by the J. Hall, A. Murray team.  It was found under an Apatosaurus skeleton in the Wildwood section of a ranch west of Grand Junction CO in 150 Ma (late Jurassic) sandstone of the Morrison formation.

Hadrosaur #1, a duck billed dinosaur.  Bone fragments were excavated in 1994 along Colville River by G. Detwiler, J. Whitmore team in the famous Liscomb bone bed of the Alaskan North Slope - validated by Dr. J. Whitmore.

Hadrosaur #2, a duck billed dinosaur.  A lone femur bone was excavated in 2004 in clay in the NW 1/4, NE 1/4 of Sec. 32, T16N, R56 E, Dawson County, Montana by the O. Kline team of the Glendive Dinosaur and Fossil Museum.  It was sawed open by the O. Kline, H. Miller team in 2005 to retrieve samples for C-14 testing.

Triceratops #1, a ceratopsid dinosaur.  A lone femur bone was excavated in 2004 in Cretaceous clay at 47 6 18N by 104 39 22W in Montana by the O. Kline team of the Glendive Dinosaur and Fossil Museum.  It was sawed open by the O. Kline, H. Miller team in 2005 to retrieve samples for C-14 testing.

Triceratops #2, a very large ceratopsid-type dinosaur excavated in 2007 in Cretaceous clay at 47 02 44N and 104 32 49W in Montana by the O. Kline team of Glendive Dinosaur and Fossil Museum. Outer bone fragments of a femur were tested for C-14.

Hadrosaur #3, a duck billed dinosaur.  Scrapings were taken from a large bone excavated by Joe Taylor of Mt. Blanco Fossil Museum, Crosbyton TX in Colorado in Cretaceous strata.

Apatosaur, a sauropod.  Scrapings were taken from a rib still imbedded in the clay soil of a ranch in CO, partially excavated in 2007 and 2009, in 150 Ma (late Jurassic) strata by C. Baugh and B. Dunkel.

(b)  GX is Geochron Labs, Cambridge MA, USA; AA is University of Arizona, Tuscon AZ, USA; UG is University of Georgia, Athens GA, USA; KIA is Christian Albrechts Universitat, Kiel Germany.

(c)  AMS is Accelerated Mass Spectrometry; Beta is the conventional method of counting Beta decay particles.

(d)  Bio is the carbonate fraction of bioapatite. Bow is the bulk organic fraction of whole bone; Col is collagen fraction; w or ext is charred, exterior or whole bone fragments; Hum is humic acids.

Bioapatite is a major component of the mineralised part of bones.  It incorporates a small amount of carbonate as a substitute for phosphate in the crystal lattice.

Charred bone is the description given by lab personnel for blackened bone surfaces.

Collagen: Proteins that are the main component of connective tissue.  It can be as high as 20% in normal bone but decomposes over time so that there should be none after ~100,000 years.  Yet it is found in four-foot long, nine-inch diameter dinosaur femur bones claimed to be greater than 65 million years old.  The "Modified Longin Method" is the normal purification method for bone collagen.  Dr. Libby, the discoverer of Radiocarbon dating and Nobel Prize winner, showed that purified collagen could not give erroneous ages.

Click to see a YouTube video of the conference presentation

Click to see the conference schedule for presentation of abstract BG02-A012 at 17:00



On the conference website, the abstract was removed from position number 5.
Click to see where it had been on the Conference website

This is what happens when you try to get members of the academic community involved:
Click to see the YouTube video

Banned by the Center for Applied Isotope Studies

From 2007 through 2011 the Paleochronology group had 11 dinosaur bone samples carbon dated by the Center for Applied Isotope Studies at the University of Georgia, and for good reason.  Senior research scientist Alexander Cherkinsky specializes in the preparation of samples for Carbon-14 testing.  He directed the pretreatment and processing of the dinosaur bone samples with the Accelerator Mass Spectrometer, though he did not know the bones were from dinosaurs, and he signed the reports.  Carbon dating at this facility is certainly the very best.

But in 2014, someone told the director of the facility, Jeff Speakman, that the Paleochronology group was showing the Carbon-14 reports on a website and YouTube and drawing the obvious conclusions.  So when he received another bone sample from the Paleochronology group, he returned it to sender and sent an email saying: "I have recently become aware of the work that you and your team have been conducting with respect to radiocarbon dating of bone.  The scientists at CAIS and I are dismayed by the claims that you and your team have made with respect to the age of the Earth and the validity of biological evolution.  Consequently, we are no longer able to provide radiocarbon services in support of your anti-scientific agenda.  I have instructed the Radiocarbon Laboratory to return your recent samples to you and to not accept any future samples for analysis."



Notice that he did not say the radiocarbon reports of the dinosaur bone samples were inaccurate.  No, his objection was that the Paleochronology group was using the reports to draw the obvious conclusion that dinosaurs lived thousands, not millions, of years ago.  So I asked him 3 times over 3 weeks what is the right conclusion to draw from the test results they provided us; then I asked his entire scientific staff.  None of them had an answer.

This is an attitude we have encountered among members of academia: there is an established truth, and all evidence contrary to it is rejected.  Anyone who challenges the established truth is made an enemy.

Mark Armitage and the triceratops horn

Mark Armitage served as the Manager for the Electron and Confocal Microscopy Suite in the Biology Department at California State University Northridge from January 2010 to February 2013.  Mark was suddenly terminated by the Biology Department when his discovery of soft tissues in a Triceratops horn was published in Acta Histochemica.  The university claimed his appointment at had been temporary and claimed a lack of funding for the position.  This was news to him, and contradicted prior statements and documents from the university.  He is currently seeking relief in a legal action for wrongful termination and religious discrimination by California State University Northridge (CSUN).

Mark Armitage has a MS degree in biology and has been a microscope scientist (microscopist) for 30 years.  He was the president of the Southern California Society for Microscopy for several years.  He has some 30 publications to his credit.  Mark's micrographs have appeared on the covers of eleven scientific journals, and he has many technical publications on microscopic phenomena in such journals as American Laboratory, Southern California Academy of Sciences Bulletin, Parasitology Research, Microscopy and Microanalysis, Microscopy Today and Acta Histochemica, among others.  His career in teaching at educational institutions includes Master's College Azusa Pacific University and California State University Northridge.

According to papers filed with the Superior Court of Los Angeles County, when Mark Armitage interviewed for an opening at CSUN for a "regular" "part-time" microscopist in 2009 he told the panel that he had published materials supportive of creationism.  William Krohmer, Manager of Technical Services and Safety, who would be Armitage's direct supervisor, was on the panel.  The panel hired Armitage despite his creationist writings because of his exceptional qualifications.  The position was Electron Microscopy Technician in the Department of Biology, working two ten-hour days per week.  He was "permanent part-time" and was allowed to enroll in the full benefits package of the university.

He ran the Microscopy Imaging Facility with its three electron microscopes, personally training students and faculty on their proper use.  He was often praised for his work and accomplishments.  The Biology Department bought a new confocal microscope that used high-powered lasers for imaging and was computer-driven.  Armitage supervised the installation of the new microscope.  He was assigned to be the only instructor on it, with responsibility for control and supervision of the instrument.

In February 2012, he was asked to teach a full graduate course in Biological Imaging for the Biology Department.  In March 2012, Dr. Steven B. Oppenheimer sent an email to staff saying that the two days per week that Armitage was working needed to be expanded in order to facilitate the growing demands of the microscopy lab.

In June 2012, Dr. Ernest Kwok was made chairman of the committee overseeing the microscopy lab, and became Armitage's new supervisor.

In the summer of 2012, Armitage responded to an invitation to participate in a search for dinosaur fossils in Glendive, Montana in the famous Hell Creek formation.  He found the brow-horn of a triceratops; it was not petrified.  Studying the horn at the CSUN lab, he discovered soft tissue in the supposedly 65-million-year-old (or more) fossil.

While teaching students how to use microscopes in the lab that he directed at CSUN, Armitage engaged them in brief socratic dialogue about the possible age of the horn.  One of Dr. Kwok's students was stunned by the discovery and implications of soft tissue in the triceratops horn, and told Dr. Kwok about it.

On June 12, 2012, Dr. Kwok stormed into Armitage's lab and shouted, "We are not going to tolerate your religion in this department!", and chastised Armitage's "creationist" projects, referring to the triceratops horn.  Armitage reported this to the Biology Department chair, Dr. Randy Cohen, and to the manager of technical services for the Biology Department, William Krohmer.  They both played down the event and told Armitage to forget it.

Praise for Armitage's work continued from distinguished members of the Biology Department.  In November 2012, a photo of the soft tissue in the triceratops horn was published on the cover of American Laboratory magazine.  The former chair of the Biology Department, Dr. Oppenheimer, wrote a ringing endorsement of Armitage in a letter of recommendation.

On February 12, 2013, the journal Acta Histochemica published a paper by Armitage describing the discovery of soft tissue in the triceratops horn.  Acta Histochemica is a peer-reviewed journal of structural biochemistry of cells and tissue that welcomes advanced microscopical imaging; it has been publishing since 1954.  The current editor of Acta Histochemica is a biology professor at CSUN who was a colleague of Armitage, the esteemed Dr. Steven B. Oppenheimer.

On the day the paper was published, Dr. Kwok called a secret meeting of the committee overseeing the microscopy lab.  Armitage had served on the committee for three years, but he was not invited.  The committee decided to terminate Armitage.

On February 19, 2013, William Krohmer told Armitage that there was a "witch hunt" being mounted against him, and advised him to resign.  When he refused to resign, Krohmer told him he would be terminated.  Armitage was fired on February 27, 2013.  He was told that his job had only been a "temporary appointment".

There is an interesting sidenote to this story.  Hugh Miller, head of the Paleochronology group, obtained a bone sample from the triceratops horn Mark Armitage discovered.  The sample was sent to the Center for Applied Isotope Studies at the University of Georgia in 2012 to test for Carbon-14.  As you can see, the bone was dated by them to 33,570 years before present.

Download pdf comparing dinosaur bones with other objects containing Carbon-14
See Figure 1 (enlarge 200%)

More soft tissue

A remarkable find was published in the journal Nature in April 2013: "we report the discovery of a monotaxic embryonic dinosaur bone bed in Lower Jurassic strata near Dawa, Lufeng County, Yunnan Province, China".  The "bone bed is characterized by the presence of completely disarticulated skeletal elements at various stages of embryonic development".  "This discovery also provides the oldest evidence of in situ preservation of complex organic remains in a terrestrial vertebrate."  "There are no preserved nest structures or uncrushed eggs."  "In contrast to previous studies of organic residues based on extracts obtained by decalcifying samples of bone, our approach targeted particular tissues in situ.  This made it possible to detect the preservation of organic residues, probably direct products of the decay of complex proteins, within both the fast-growing embryonic bone tissue and the margins of the vascular spaces."  "Previous reports of preserved dinosaur organic compounds, or 'dinosaurian soft tissues', have been controversial because it was difficult to rule out bacterial biofilms or some other form of contamination as a possible source of the organics.  Our results clearly indicate the presence of both apatite and amide peaks within woven embryonic bone tissue, which should not be susceptible to microbial contamination or other post-mortem artefacts."  -- Reisz, Robert R., Timothy D. Huang, Eric M. Roberts, ShinRung Peng, Corwin Sullivan, Koen Stein, Aaron R. H. LeBlanc, DarBin Shieh, RongSeng Chang, ChengCheng Chiang, Chuanwei Yang, Shiming Zhong. 11 April 2013. Embryology of Early Jurassic dinosaur from China with evidence of preserved organic remains. Nature, Vol. 496, pp. 210-214. doi: 10.1038/nature11978.

Commentary

Radiocarbon (RC) or Carbon-14 (C-14) dating of linen, cotton, bones, fossils, wood, sea shells, seeds, coal, diamond (anything with carbon) is one of the most common and well understood of the various scientific dating methods.

Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope of carbon that is formed naturally in the atmosphere.  All plants and animals have a regular intake of carbon while they are alive.  When an animal or plant dies, it no longer takes in carbon of any form.  C-14 has a half-life of 5730 years.  The maximum theoretical detection limit is about 100,000 years, but radiocarbon dating is only reliable up to 55,000 years with the best equipment.  Older dates are considered to be tentative.  If, as generally believed, dinosaurs have been extinct for 65 million years, there should not be one atom of Carbon-14 left in their bones.

The accuracy of carbon dates depends on whether the ratio of Carbon-14 to Carbon-12 was the same in the past as it is today.  Even with reliable results there is always a degree of uncertainty, and dates are usually given as +or- so many years.

There are two types of C-14 dating technologies.  The original one, counting Beta decay particles, is a multistep process and requires sample sizes of several grams.  The newer method of "Accelerator Mass Spectrometry" (AMS) requires smaller sample sizes and is more accurate.  Beta counting is prone to possible errors in each of the many phases.  AMS uses a much smaller sample size, and actually counts the Carbon-14 atoms as they are separated from the sample.  The equipment accelerates streams of charged atomic particles to high velocities in order to sort and analyze them.

Carbon-14 dating of bone is one of the most difficult tasks in carbon dating, and requires the most care of any carbonaceous material.  This is mainly due to the nature of bone, which is a very porous material.  Certain parts of bone look like a sponge under the microscope.  Many dinosaur bones are hard as rock because the original material has been replaced with a silicon material such as quartz.  These are "mineralized" or "fossilized".  We have found un-mineralized dinosaur bones.  We then scrape the outer surface off to get rid of surface contamination, and date the inner remaining material.  One can date just the purified bioapatite, the total organics, or the collagen, or a combination of these, as we did in several cases.

The discovery, and later confirmation, of collagen in a Tyrannosaurus-Rex dinosaur femur bone was reported in the journal SCIENCE.  This is a remarkable find because collagen, being a soft tissue present in most animals, is supposed to decay in a few thousand years.  Collagen is the main protein found in connective tissue of animals.  It can make up from 1 to 6 percent of muscle mass.  Triceratops and Hadrosaur femur bones in excellent condition were discovered in Glendive Montana, and our group received permission to saw them in half and collect samples for Carbon-14 testing.  Both bones were tested by a licensed lab for presence of collagen.  Both bones did in fact contain some collagen.

The best process (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry) was used to date them.  Total organic carbon and dinosaur bioapatite was extracted and pretreated to remove potential contaminants, and concordant radiocarbon dates were obtained.  They were similar to radiocarbon dates for ice-age megafauna such as Siberian mammoths, saber tooth tigers of the Los Angeles LaBrea Tarpits, sloth dung, and giant bison.  We usually prefer AMS dating because of its inherent superior accuracy, but use the conventional method when large samples are available in order to completely rule out contamination.  This is recommended by a carbon-dating laboratory specialist.

Dr. Jean de Pontcharra, one of ten co-authors and an atomic physicist retired from the Grenoble Research Center of the French Atomic Energy Commission, and Professor Dr. Robert Bennett, physicist and co-author, agree that "the AOGS-AGU assembly encourages presentation of reliable data even though the topic may be controversial.  This is a very wise policy for the advacement of science and the education of people everywhere.  Thus, we encourage our colleagues to do their own carbon dating of dinosaur bones from museums and university fossil repositories around the world, as well as testing for C-14 in scrapings from dinosaur bones as they are excavated.  We are anxious to see their results presented, just as we have done.  Also, we call on the news media and citizens everywhere to urge paleontologists, curators, university faculty, and government scientific agencies to encourage and support further testing for C-14 content in dinosaur remains.  Scientists need to know the actual chronology of the Earth and the age of the fossils."

 Download pdf of data and commentary
http://newgeology.us/Carbon-14%20comparison.pdf


http://newgeology.us/presentation48.html
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« Reply #15 on: April 29, 2015, 07:12:04 am »

Scientist Fired for Dinosaur Discovery

1 John 4:6
"We are of God: he that knoweth God heareth us; he that is not of God heareth not us. Hereby know we the spirit of truth, and the spirit of error."

If there is an unwritten law in the field of science, it is this: Thou shalt not discover anything that even suggests that evolution could be wrong. And a second unwritten law is like unto it: If you do discover anything that undermines evolution, keep it to yourself.

Mark H. ArmitageA scientist was fired from his job at California State University, Northridge, after discovering fossil evidence that supports a young earth and then publishing his findings. While at a dig at Hell Creek formation in Montana, scientist Mark Armitage came upon the largest triceratops horn ever unearthed at the site. When he examined the horn under a high-powered microscope, he was shocked to see soft tissue. This discovery stunned other scientists because it indicated that dinosaurs roamed the earth only thousands of years ago rather than 60 million years ago.

In Armitage's wrongful termination and religious discrimination lawsuit, court documents revealed that a university official challenged his motives by shouting at him, "We are not going to tolerate your religion in this department!" Armitage joins a growing number of scientists and educators who have lost their jobs for challenging the sacred cow of evolution. Many institutions of higher learning are no longer interested in pursuing the evidence wherever it may lead. They only care about evidence that leads them straight to their foregone conclusion that evolution is a fact.

Creationists need not fear any new scientific discovery because nothing can successfully contradict the Word of God!

Prayer:
Heavenly Father, I pray that you would give Christians who are involved in the sciences courage and wisdom in a field that is increasingly hostile to their beliefs. Amen.

Notes:
http://www.pacificjustice.org/press-releases/university-silences-scientist-after-dinosaur-discovery. "University Silences Scientist After Dinosaur Discovery", 7-23-14. Pacific Justice Institute is a non-profit legal organization dedicated to defending religious, parental, and other constitutional rights. Photo: Mark H. Armitage.
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« Reply #16 on: June 16, 2015, 09:46:25 am »

Support for a Young Earth? Scientists Baffled by Preserved Dinosaur Blood Cells

The discovery of well-preserved blood and proteins in a supposedly 75-million-year-old dinosaur fossil has stumped secular scientists and led one Christian apologist to herald the findings as evidence of a young Earth.

A team of scientists at the U.K.’s Imperial College London carefully examined eight Cretaceous dinosaur bones discovered in North America, scrutinizing the bones’ interiors with an electron microscope. The researchers were stunned when they discovered what appeared to be red blood cells in one of the specimens.

Upon closer examination, the British scientists identified an internal structure within the dinosaur cells, complete with nuclei and amino acids. Then, in addition to the blood cells, the scientists discovered excellently-preserved collagen, which is a common soft tissue.

The scientists published their findings last week in “Nature Communications,” emphasizing that the dinosaur bones they studied were “not exceptionally preserved.”

“It has long been accepted that protein molecules decay in relatively short periods of time and cannot be preserved for longer than 4 million years,” the researchers noted. They described the discovery of preserved blood cells and soft tissue as unprecedented and “very exciting.”

A number of similar discoveries have recently cast doubt on secular scientists’ claims that most fossils are millions of years old. As previously reported, scientists recently found protein-rich materials somehow preserved within ancient shells. Last year, a California university fired a biologist for discovering soft tissue on a Triceratops fossil and questioning evolutionary assumptions.

A report last week from “Discover” magazine explains the controversial nature of these finds.

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“Many of these discoveries … have been contentious within the paleontological community, and the presence of molecular-level preservation in the fossil record remains controversial,” the magazine explained. “This is because proteins and other molecular components are thought to break down within about four million years.”

Ken Ham, a well-known Christian apologist and president of Answers in Genesis, believes the dinosaur fossils analyzed by the British scientists are not millions of years old after all. Rather, Ham says the discovery of preserved blood cells and tissues undermine secular assumptions and create a problem for evolutionists.

“How could soft tissue survive for 75 million years? Are evolutionists questioning their assumptions that the fossil is 75 million years old? Of course not!” Ham wrote in a blog post. “Instead, they simply assume the materials somehow survived for 75 million years because they believe on the basis of their evolutionary presuppositions that the fossil is that old.”

However, the existence of preserved blood cells and tissues in dinosaur fossils makes sense in the young earth Biblical worldview, Ham argues.

“This new find is consistent with the young age of the Earth as described in God’s Word and in no way confirms evolutionary ideas about the past,” he wrote. “Of course evolutionists can’t even consider the possibility that these bones are not millions of years old, as they have to have their supposed millions of years to propose their ideas of molecules-to-man evolution. Actually, believing in millions of years is a necessary part of the religion of naturalism (atheism).”

“But finds like the one the researchers in the London museum discovered affirm biblical—not evolutionary—ideas about the not-so-distant past,” Ham concluded. “We can trust God’s Word to provide us with an accurate history of Earth.”

http://christiannews.net/2015/06/15/support-for-a-young-earth-scientists-baffled-by-preserved-dinosaur-blood-cells/
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« Reply #17 on: July 27, 2015, 02:50:13 pm »

http://www.icr.org/article/7876/294/
Amber Flowers Challenge Dinosaur Depictions
by Brian Thomas, M.S. *
Resources › Life Sciences Resources › Botany

Dinosaur dioramas don’t display flowers and grasses—supposedly because they had not yet evolved. But it takes only one piece of the right kind of evidence to disprove a whole paradigm. Amazing amber fossils from Burma (now Myanmar) refute the idea that flowers were absent in the supposed Age of Reptiles by showing the abrupt appearance of fully-formed flowers.

Publishing in Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, three scientists described a cluster of small, possibly rose-like flowers encased in amber assigned an age of 100 million years—well within the timeframe that evolutionists ascribe to dinosaurs.1 The petal-less flowers looked unique enough for the researchers to give their plant a new name, Micropetasos burmensis. Nevertheless, the pollen grains adhering to the flower stigma and tiny pollen tubes frozen in their growth down the flower style clearly show that flowers back then were operating just like modern living flowers.

“It appears identical to the reproduction process that ‘angiosperms’ or flowering plants still use today,” according to an Oregon State University news release.2 Fossils show no evolutionary transition from some other reproductive strategy toward that of angiosperms. This extinct flower variety reproduced with the array of perfectly fitted parts and interconnected tactics, including insect pollination, that angiosperms have and use today.

Study lead author George Poinar, Jr. worked with a team that posted online images of the stunning Burmese amber fossils.3 They provide many clues that life back then was like life as we now know it—clues that dinosaur depictions should surely show in order to be accurate. There are dozens of easily recognizable insects and spiders entombed in the amber, including click beetle, weevil, moth, grasshopper, cockroach, walking stick, cicada, long horn beetle, and praying mantis.

Like the flower mentioned above, several of these insect varieties have no known living representatives, so they have probably gone extinct. But extinction removes life forms, whereas evolution is supposed to invent them, so their absence offers no support for an evolutionary history of life.

The ambers also include bamboo and fern fragments. Angiosperms including grasses should thus be displayed in dinosaur dioramas.4 They also contain a centipede, millipede, jumping spider, tick, scorpion, garden spiders, nematodes, and a snail shell. The majority of these tiny relics of the past look just like today’s versions.

Perhaps the most fascinating Burmese amber inclusions hint at larger creatures. One holds a whole lizard’s foot. Another encases two small flight feathers from a fully modern bird—proving that birds flew alongside dinosaurs—and others include hair, probably from small tree-dwelling mammals that would have inhabited an ancient swampy habitat. In an earlier study, Poinar described two bamboo inclusions from these ambers, noting that they “are considered early bambusoid types that grew in tropical, forested habitats.”5

Isn’t it time to start showing dinosaurs according to these and so many other fossils, and not according to evolutionary ideas about the past—ideas that don’t match the observed data? It now appears dinosaurs lived in tropical settings alongside plenty of plant and animal forms that live to this day.
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« Reply #18 on: December 07, 2015, 10:08:17 pm »

Confirmed Dinosaur Blood on Ancient Fossil Astonishes Evolutionists

Researchers have confirmed that biomaterial discovered on an ancient fossil is in fact preserved dinosaur blood, astonishing evolutionists who continue to believe the fossil is 80 million years old.

Over the past decade, scientists have unearthed a number of dinosaur fossils with preserved blood vessels and soft tissue. Many evolutionists initially treated such discoveries with skepticism and incredulity—while others rejected them outright—due to their seeming incompatibility with the evolutionary timeframe.

In a November 23 journal article published in “Journal of Proteome Research,” scientists from North Carolina State University confirmed that blood vessels found on the fossil of a hadrosaur (B. canadensis) are in fact dinosaur blood—not contaminants from some other source.

“Their findings add to the growing body of evidence that structures like blood vessels and cells can persist over millions of years,” the university announced in a press release last week. cant believe they actually believe that  Cheesy

In their journal article, the researchers confessed that they initially thought protein-filled blood vessels could not possibly survive in any dinosaur fossil for millions of years.

“The [discovery of tissue] from Tyrannosaurus rex was controversial when first reported,” they wrote. “The survival of proteins from the Cretaceous Period (66–145 million years ago) was not thought to be possible.”

“Although soft tissue vessels and cells have been observed in multiple fossil specimens … continued skepticism on the prevalence and endogeneity of ancient soft tissues and their composite molecules persists,” they added.

After tediously analyzing the blood vessels to ensure they were in fact from the dinosaur, the researchers wrote that their observations “support the hypothesis that these molecules derive directly from the B. canadensis blood vessels and are not from environmental or laboratory contamination.”

“Our results add further, robust support to the identification of these still soft, hollow structures as remnant blood vessels produced by the once living dinosaur,” they concluded.

Now that the identification of the dinosaur blood vessels has been confirmed, scientists are left with two possible explanations: either the dinosaur blood somehow defied expectations and survived for 80 million years, or the dinosaur fossil is not nearly as old as most people believe.

The most likely scenario, say many Christian scientists, is the second explanation: that dinosaurs lived much more recently than evolutionists allege. Ken Ham, president of Answers in Genesis, said that these discoveries of preserved dinosaur blood vessels and soft tissue should come as no surprise to Bible-believing Christians.

“This … is consistent with the young age of the Earth as described in God’s Word and in no way confirms evolutionary ideas about the past,” he wrote on his blog in reference to a similar discovery. “Of course evolutionists can’t even consider the possibility that these bones are not millions of years old, as they have to have their supposed millions of years to propose their ideas of molecules-to-man evolution. Actually, believing in millions of years is a necessary part of the religion of naturalism (atheism).”

“Are evolutionists questioning their assumptions?” Ham asked. “Of course not! Instead, they simply assume the materials somehow survived for [millions of] years because they believe on the basis of their evolutionary presuppositions that the fossil is that old.”

“We can trust God’s Word to provide us with an accurate history of Earth,” Ham proposed.

http://christiannews.net/2015/12/07/confirmed-dinosaur-blood-on-ancient-fossil-astonishes-evolutionists/
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« Reply #19 on: December 16, 2015, 11:47:48 am »

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« Reply #20 on: December 28, 2015, 11:39:19 pm »

Evolutionists Startled by ‘Exceptionally Preserved’ Embryos in Ancient Fossils

A team of French and Canadian scientists have identified preserved embryos within the eggs of a tiny shrimp-like creature believed to have lived over 500 million years ago, raising questions about both the development of the creatures’ brooding abilities and the likelihood of such delicate materials surviving for thousands of millennia.

Waptia fieldensis is a tiny, shrimp-like arthropod whose fossilized remains were first found 100 years ago in Cambrian layers of fossils in Canada. Now extinct, Waptia was a frail creature that carried the eggs of its young within its own body.

Canadian researchers studying Waptia specimens recently made a startling discovery: despite the fossils’ purported ages, collections of tiny eggs somehow survived within their fossilized bodies. The scientists marveled at the remarkable condition of the creatures, describing them as “exceptionally preserved.”

“New, exceptionally preserved specimens of the weakly sclerotized arthropod Waptia fieldensis from the middle Cambrian (ca. 508 million years ago) Burgess Shale, Canada, provide the oldest example of in situ eggs with preserved embryos in the fossil record,” the researchers wrote in a report published earlier this month in the journal “Current Biology.”

A December 17 press release from the University of Toronto heralded the discovery as the “oldest evidence of brood care in the fossil record.”

“Clusters of egg-shaped objects are evident in five of the many specimens we observed, all located on the underside of the carapace and alongside the anterior third of the body,” Jean-Bernard Caron, a University of Toronto professor who co-authored the study, said in the release.

Though the Waptia fossils were first unearthed over 100 years ago, it wasn’t until scientists recently revisited the specimens when the eggs and embryos were noticed.

The researchers attempted to tie their discovery into the evolutionary framework, proposing that their discovery is evidence of “rapid evolution of a variety of modern-type life-history traits”—namely, care for offspring by egg-bearing females.

However, others interpret the discovery as yet another instance of evolutionists struggling to explain the sudden appearance of complex physiology and advanced behavior among allegedly “simple” organisms.

“Waptia is a ‘shrimp-like arthropod’ with a lot more body complexity than the ability to lay eggs and hold them under its carapace,” an article last week on “Evolution News and Views” reports. “It had a nervous system, sensory organs, stalked eyes, antennae, respiration, digestion, and the ability to swim. Nevertheless, the ability to lay eggs and transport them to a protective place constitutes an additional design in this animal, requiring genetics and behavioral preparedness.”

“It’s amusing to see the euphemisms evolutionists use for the Cambrian explosion,” the article continues. “The paper spoke of the ‘Cambrian emergence of animals.’ The news release calls the Cambrian explosion ‘a period of rapid evolutionary development when most major animal groups appear in the fossil record.’ Why call it evolutionary development? If animal groups just ‘emerged’ or ‘appeared’ in the record, that’s not evolutionary.”

Another debatable aspect of this recent discovery is the likelihood of eggs and embryos surviving hundreds of millions of years. As previously reported, the discoveries of a variety of perishable biomaterials—including dinosaur blood cells and proteins within ancient shells—create predicaments for evolutionists, who maintain that such materials are tens of millions years old.

http://christiannews.net/2015/12/28/evolutionists-startled-by-exceptionally-preserved-embryos-in-ancient-fossils/
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« Reply #21 on: October 10, 2016, 05:41:15 pm »

Scientist Fired for Dinosaur Discovery

1 John 4:6
"We are of God: he that knoweth God heareth us; he that is not of God heareth not us. Hereby know we the spirit of truth, and the spirit of error."

If there is an unwritten law in the field of science, it is this: Thou shalt not discover anything that even suggests that evolution could be wrong. And a second unwritten law is like unto it: If you do discover anything that undermines evolution, keep it to yourself.

Mark H. ArmitageA scientist was fired from his job at California State University, Northridge, after discovering fossil evidence that supports a young earth and then publishing his findings. While at a dig at Hell Creek formation in Montana, scientist Mark Armitage came upon the largest triceratops horn ever unearthed at the site. When he examined the horn under a high-powered microscope, he was shocked to see soft tissue. This discovery stunned other scientists because it indicated that dinosaurs roamed the earth only thousands of years ago rather than 60 million years ago.

In Armitage's wrongful termination and religious discrimination lawsuit, court documents revealed that a university official challenged his motives by shouting at him, "We are not going to tolerate your religion in this department!" Armitage joins a growing number of scientists and educators who have lost their jobs for challenging the sacred cow of evolution. Many institutions of higher learning are no longer interested in pursuing the evidence wherever it may lead. They only care about evidence that leads them straight to their foregone conclusion that evolution is a fact.

Creationists need not fear any new scientific discovery because nothing can successfully contradict the Word of God!

Prayer:
Heavenly Father, I pray that you would give Christians who are involved in the sciences courage and wisdom in a field that is increasingly hostile to their beliefs. Amen.

Notes:
http://www.pacificjustice.org/press-releases/university-silences-scientist-after-dinosaur-discovery. "University Silences Scientist After Dinosaur Discovery", 7-23-14. Pacific Justice Institute is a non-profit legal organization dedicated to defending religious, parental, and other constitutional rights. Photo: Mark H. Armitage.


Christian Scientist Fired for Challenging Evolution Awarded Financial Settlement

An evangelical Christian scientist who was fired after discovering evidence that seemingly contradicted the evolutionary timeframe has been awarded a generous settlement after taking his case to court.

As previously reported, Mark Armitage was a scientist at California State University—Northridge (CSUN) who discovered soft tissues on a large triceratops horn that was believed to be at least 65 million years old. However, the discovery became mired in controversy when Armitage described his findings in a journal article.

“In the paper, I just presented the factual data,” Armitage said. “The only conclusions I drew were that ‘This needs to be investigated further. We have a lot of work to do.’”

Other scientists at the university were not pleased with Armitage’s discovery, evidently thinking that he was trying to promote evidence against evolution. His supervisor reportedly stormed into his lab on one occasion and shouted, “We will not tolerate your religion in this department!”

On Feb. 27, 2013, CSUN fired Armitage.

“Suffice it to say,” Armitage, who is an evangelical Christian, explained, “some people in the department didn’t appreciate [the soft tissue discovery], and somehow they seemed to work a way to have me very quickly removed from my position.”

In an appearance the following year on the radio broadcast “Creation Moments,” Armitage said evolutionists cannot account for the existence of soft tissues like the ones he discovered on the triceratops horn, which is why his discovery caused such a stir.

“[W]e have the evolutionists on the run,” he said. “They are scrambling to explain the presence of these delicate and life-like cells and tissues that could in no way survive the ravages of deep time. In fact, it is astounding that they are there even after the thousands of years since the Great Flood of Noah. Even if we allow only 3,000 years since the Flood, these observations of soft tissues are stunning.”

On July 22, 2014, Armitage filed a complaint in a Los Angeles court against CSUN, alleging that the university fired him on the basis of his religion.

“Terminating an employee because of their religious views is completely inappropriate and illegal,” stated Pacific Justice Institute President Brad Dacus in a press release describing Armitage’s situation. “But doing so in an attempt to silence scientific speech at a public university is even more alarming. This should be a wakeup call and warning to the entire world of academia.”

Last month, after two years of legal proceedings, CSUN reportedly settled the lawsuit by giving Armitage a six-figure payout. Although the exact amount of the settlement was not made public, Armitage’s attorney, Alan Reinach, said it was large enough to represent “about 15 times [Armitage’s] annual part-time salary.”

Although CSUN said in a statement that the settlement “is not an indication of any wrongdoing,” Armitage’s attorney believes this most recent development is telling.

“In our view, they certainly would not have paid that kind of money if they did not recognize that we had them dead to rights,” Reinach said in an interview with The College Fix. “The state doesn’t put large, six-figure settlement money out unless they are really concerned they are going to lose.”

Describing the settlement as “groundbreaking,” Reinach said he is unaware of any other case where a Bible-believing scientist was awarded such a favorable settlement.

http://christiannews.net/2016/10/10/christian-scientist-fired-for-challenging-evolution-awarded-financial-settlement/
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« Reply #22 on: August 22, 2017, 03:10:13 am »

Scientist fired from university after discovering shocking dinosaur bones believed to be only 4,000 years old

A recent archaeological discovery that throws a wrench into the conventional theory of evolution has reportedly cost a California professor his job. Mark Armitage, a former scientist at California State University, Northridge (CSUN), was reportedly fired after claiming to have unearthed a dinosaur fossil that still contains soft, flexible tissue, suggesting that it can't be millions of years old.

A 30-year veteran in his field, Armitage has published many studies over the years in peer-reviewed journals. One of his most recent was published last July, pertaining to a discovery he made at the Hell Creek Formation excavation site in Montana. According to The Christian Post, Armitage was evaluating a triceratops horn fossil when he came across preserved soft tissue.

A lawsuit recently filed in Armitage's defense describes his reaction to the discovery as "fascinated," since flexible matter has never before been discovered on a dinosaur fossil. Naturally, Armitage published his findings -- in this case, he published them in the Elsevier journal Acta Histochemica -- and proceeded to share his findings with his students.

Not long after, Armitage was approached by a CSUN faculty head who reportedly shouted at him, "We are not going to tolerate your religion in this department!" Armitage's finding, of course, contradicts the evolutionary theory that CSUN has embraced for decades, and there doesn't appear to be any room for discussion on the matter, since he was also let go from his position.

"Terminating an employee because of [his] religious views is completely inappropriate and illegal," stated Armitage's lawyer, Brad Dacus, in a public statement. "But doing so in an attempt to silence scientific speech at a public university is even more alarming. This should be a wakeup call and warning to the entire world of academia."

Concerning Armitage's discovery, molecular paleontologist Mary Schweitzer from North Carolina State University (NCSU) claims to have come up with a valid explanation that, though unprovable, is making the media rounds. In a story published by The Huffington Post, Stephanie Pappas explained that iron in dinosaurs' blood may have a preservative effect on soft tissue.

According to the report, Schweitzer and her colleagues had discovered soft tissue in the fossilized leg of a Tyrannosaurus rex, which she says was unusually soft and still transparent for being supposedly 68 million years old. But because its free radical oxidation potential can have an effect similar to formaldehyde, the chemical used in embalming, iron in the creature's blood may have preserved the soft tissue in ways previously undiscovered.

"The problem is, for 300 years, we thought, 'Well, the organics are all gone, so why should we look for something that's not going to be there?' and nobody looks," was Schweitzer's explanation as to why soft tissue hasn't been observed in other fossil excavations.

At the same time, Schweitzer's explanation for the preservation of soft tissue on dinosaur bones is still just a theory, and one that supporters of Armitage say ignores the presence of radioactive carbon-14 in dinosaur fossils. Carbon-14 (C-14) dating of dinosaur bones collected from many different sites across the U.S. have revealed that, at most, these bones are only 39,000 years old.

"Dinosaur bones with Carbon-14 dates in the range of 22,000 to 39,000 years before present, combined with the discovery of soft tissue in dinosaur bones, indicate that something is wrong with the conventional wisdom about dinosaurs," says New Geology.

Sources for this article include:

http://www.naturalnews.com/046315_dinosaur_fossils_soft_tissue_wrongful_termination.html
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« Reply #23 on: August 22, 2017, 03:11:07 am »

Scientist Sues Calif University for Firing Him After His Dinosaur Discovery Supported Creationism

A scientist has filed a lawsuit against the California State University, Northridge saying he was terminated from his job due to his religious views after he discovered soft tissue on a triceratops fossil which supported his creationist view.

Mark Armitage, a former scientist at CSUN in Los Angeles, was terminated after he discovered supposedly the largest triceratops horn ever unearthed at the Hell Creek Formation excavation site in Montana, according to attorney Brad Dacus of Pacific Justice Institute, who's filed the lawsuit.

"Since some creationists, like [Armitage], believe that the triceratops bones are only 4,000 years old at most, [Armitage's] work vindicated his view that these dinosaurs roamed the planet relatively recently," states the complaint filed against the CSUN board of trustees in Los Angeles Superior Court, according to CBS News.

The scientist's findings, which indicate that dinosaurs roamed the earth only thousands of years in the past rather than going extinct 60 million years ago, were published in July 2013 in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.

"Terminating an employee because of their religious views is completely inappropriate and illegal," Dacus said in a statement. "But doing so in an attempt to silence scientific speech at a public university is even more alarming. This should be a wakeup call and warning to the entire world of academia."

Armitage is a published scientist of over 30 years.

Soon after the soft tissue discovery, a university official challenged the motives of Armitage, by shouting at him, "We are not going to tolerate your religion in this department!" according to court documents.

Armitage was later let go after the school abruptly claimed his appointment at the university of 38 months had been temporary, and claimed a lack of funding for his position.

The university's claim contradicted its prior statements and documents, says the Justice Institute, a legal defense organization specializing in the defense of religious freedom, parental rights, and other civil liberties.

"It has become apparent that 'diversity' and 'intellectual curiosity,' so often touted as hallmarks of a university education, do not apply to those with a religious point of view," said Michael Peffer, staff attorney with PJI's southern California office. "This suit was filed, in part, to vindicate those ideals."

http://www.christianpost.com/news/scientist-sues-calif-university-for-firing-him-after-his-dinosaur-discovery-supported-creationism-123906/
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« Reply #24 on: November 13, 2017, 07:14:42 pm »

PREHISTORIC, DINOSAUR-ERA SHARK WITH INSANE TEETH FOUND SWIMMING OFF COAST OF PORTUGAL

 Cheesy Cheesy Cheesy Cheesy Cheesy Cheesy Cheesy Cheesy Cheesy Cheesy Cheesy Cheesy Cheesy

 The rare frilled shark is considered a “living fossil,” because evidence of its existence dates back to at least 80 million years ago. This summer, researchers found one alive and thriving off the coast of Portugal, adding yet more clues about the resilience of this ancient sea creature.

The shark was discovered off the Algarve coast by researchers who were working on a European Union project in the area, the BBC reported. The aim of the project was to "minimize unwanted catches in commercial fishing," the researchers told SIC Noticisas TV, as the BBC noted. but the team unknowingly unearthed one of the rarest and most ancient animals on the planet.

Scientists believe the frilled shark has remained the same, both inside and out, since the Cretaceous Period, when the Tyrannosaurus Rex and Triceratops still roamed the planet. Just like every other animal.  CheesyThe creature, known by scientists as Chlamydoselachus anguineus, is incredibly simple and unevolved, most likely due to the lack of nutrients found in its deep-sea dwellings. they just made that up  Grin A Japanese study of the shark found in Suruga Bay, Japan, revealed that its diet is 61 percent cephalopods—the class to which squids and octopus belong.

This deep sea dweller is usually found between 390 and 4,200 feet below the surface, which is why it’s rarely seen and wasn’t even discovered before the 19th century (despite being around long before humans).

The shark caught this summer measured around five feet in length, but at their longest can be around six-and-a-half feet, IFL Science reported.  Another study of a Suruga Bay inhabitant showed that frilled sharks may also have the longest gestation period of any living creature, 42 months.

Its name may sound unfitting for a beast that swims the deep seas, but as Mental Floss explains the frilled shark is named after its gills. Pretty much all other sharks have separate gills, but the frilled shark’s first pair of gills stretch all the way across its throat. In total, the shark has six pairs of gills that have “frilly” edges.

The shark also has a unique mouth shape. Its jaw has more than 300 teeth neatly lined in 25 rows, which, according to professor Margarida Castro of the University of the Algarve, are specifically designed to help it “to trap squid, fish and other sharks in sudden lunges,” The Portugal News reported. It’s lined with spines called dermal denticles, which, combined with the teeth, give the mouth an all around frightening look.

It’s unlikely you will ever come face-to-face with a living frilled shark. But if you do, it’s safe to say: Keep as far away as you can, and whatever you do, try to avoid its ferociously awesome jaw.


http://www.newsweek.com/dinosaur-era-frilled-shark-insane-teeth-found-portugal-708764
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« Reply #25 on: December 16, 2017, 09:30:11 pm »

Mysterious dinosaur-like creature discovered with flesh still on its bones leaves scientists baffled

I do not really buy into this one, but it is getting a lot of play across the net.

The discovery of a mysterious creature resembling a dinosaur with flesh still on its bones has left scientists baffled.

The partially-preserved corpse was uncovered by an electrician cleaning out a sub-station left untouched for 35 years.

The creature – which was found in Jaspur, a small city in Uttarakhand, India – has now been sent for analysis, including carbon dating, which will reveal its age.

Experts say that although it looks like a small dinosaur that could be near impossible as flightless dinosaurs have been extinct for 65 million years.

Dr Parag Madhukar Dhakate, a Conservator with the Indian Forest Service, said that the creature would remain an enigma until scientific analysis had been completed.

He said: “It looks like a dinosaur, but we can't say anything until all the tests are done.”

Aaryan Kumar, who is pursuing a PhD in Paleontology from Delhi University, told local media that it was impossible for a dinosaur skeleton to be so well preserved after so long.

He said: "Non-avian dinosaurs have been extinct for the past 65 million years but it does resemble theropods, a suborder of dinosaurs which included bipedal carnivores.

“But a dinosaur skeleton could not have been found in such a well-preserved condition after millions of years without it being in a fossilized state.

“The only even slightly possible way is it was chemically preserved to store it in a museum. But if that was the case, how did it end up here?"

The Deinonychus, the Coelophysis and the Dromaeosaurus are among the dinos that resemble the shape of the 28cm-long creature.

They’re all types of theropods, a suborder of dinosaurs that ranges in size from the mighty T Rex to the tiny Anchiornis.

Dr Dhakate said the specimen had now been sent to Dr Bahadur Kotlia, a paleontologist at Kumaun University, for historical analysis.

One initial suggestion is that it could be a genetically distorted animal foetus from within the goat family, but for now the mystery remains unsolved.

The bizarre find comes after scientists announced they had discovered dinosaur blood inside a piece of amber that is almost 100 million years old.

The incredible find echoed Steven Spielberg's cult hit Jurassic Park, based around dinosaurs being resurrected from DNA extracted from mosquitoes trapped in amber.

The 'Dracula' tick had bloated to eight times it size with what is believed to be dinosaur blood.

This tick and two others trapped together in a third amber piece were assigned to a new extinct group named Deinocroton draculi - which translates as "Dracula's terrible tick".

Inside another ancient piece of Burmese amber researchers found a tick still gripping a dinosaur feather after 99 million years.

The scientists behind the new discovery stress that all attempts to remove DNA from such ancient amber specimens have failed due to deterioration of the complex molecule over time - dashing hopes the blood-filled tick could lead to the creation of a walking dinosaur.

Dr Ricardo Perez-de-la-Fuente, a member of the international team from Oxford University, said: "The fossil record tells us that feathers like the one we have studied were already present on a wide range of theropod dinosaurs, a group which included ground-running forms without flying ability, as well as bird-like dinosaurs capable of powered flight.

"So although we can't be sure what kind of dinosaur the tick was feeding on, the mid-Cretaceous age of the Burmese amber confirms that the feather certainly did not belong to a modern bird, as these appeared much later in theropod evolution according to current fossil and molecular evidence."

The prehistoric ticks look very similar in appearance to modern versions of the blood suckers, which are eight-legged arachnids related to spiders.

The scientists, whose findings are reported in the journal Nature Communications, were not able to identify the host animal whose blood was found in the bloated tick - but indirect evidence points to it being a dinosaur.

Hair-like structures, known as setae, from the larvae of skin beetles were found attached to the two other Deinocroton ticks that were preserved together.

Today, skin beetles feed on shed feathers, skin and hair from birds and mammals.

Since no mammal hairs have yet been found in Cretaceous amber, the assumption is that the D. draculi ticks had been feeding on feathered dinosaurs.

"The simultaneous entrapment of two external parasites - the ticks - is extraordinary, and can be best explained if they had a nest-inhabiting ecology as some modern ticks do, living in the host's nest or in their own nest nearby," said co-author Dr David Grimaldi, from the American Museum of Natural History in New York City.

Amber, often used in jewellery, is fossilised tree resin, the oldest dating back more than 300 million years.

A plethora of ancient insects, spiders, worms, frogs, hair, feathers, wood, fruit and flowers have been found trapped and preserved in amber from the Cretaceous period when dinosaurs roamed the Earth.

In Jurassic paleontologists Alan Grant (Sam Neill) and Ellie Sattler (Laura Dern) and mathematician Ian Malcolm (Jeff Goldblum) are among a select group chosen to tour an island theme park populated by dinosaurs created from prehistoric DNA.

While the park's mastermind, billionaire John Hammond (Richard Attenborough), assures everyone that the facility is safe, they find out otherwise when various ferocious predators break free and go on the hunt.

http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/weird-news/mysterious-dinosaur-like-creature-discovered-11701321
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« Reply #26 on: March 18, 2018, 04:34:43 pm »

Scientist fired from university after discovering shocking dinosaur bones believed to be only 4,000 years old

A recent archaeological discovery that throws a wrench into the conventional theory of evolution has reportedly cost a California professor his job. Mark Armitage, a former scientist at California State University, Northridge (CSUN), was reportedly fired after claiming to have unearthed a dinosaur fossil that still contains soft, flexible tissue, suggesting that it can't be millions of years old.

A 30-year veteran in his field, Armitage has published many studies over the years in peer-reviewed journals. One of his most recent was published last July, pertaining to a discovery he made at the Hell Creek Formation excavation site in Montana. According to The Christian Post, Armitage was evaluating a triceratops horn fossil when he came across preserved soft tissue.

A lawsuit recently filed in Armitage's defense describes his reaction to the discovery as "fascinated," since flexible matter has never before been discovered on a dinosaur fossil. Naturally, Armitage published his findings -- in this case, he published them in the Elsevier journal Acta Histochemica -- and proceeded to share his findings with his students.

Not long after, Armitage was approached by a CSUN faculty head who reportedly shouted at him, "We are not going to tolerate your religion in this department!" Armitage's finding, of course, contradicts the evolutionary theory that CSUN has embraced for decades, and there doesn't appear to be any room for discussion on the matter, since he was also let go from his position.

"Terminating an employee because of [his] religious views is completely inappropriate and illegal," stated Armitage's lawyer, Brad Dacus, in a public statement. "But doing so in an attempt to silence scientific speech at a public university is even more alarming. This should be a wakeup call and warning to the entire world of academia."

NC paleontologist claims to have explanation for soft tissue, but even this is just a theory
Concerning Armitage's discovery, molecular paleontologist Mary Schweitzer from North Carolina State University (NCSU) claims to have come up with a valid explanation that, though unprovable, is making the media rounds. In a story published by The Huffington Post, Stephanie Pappas explained that iron in dinosaurs' blood may have a preservative effect on soft tissue.

According to the report, Schweitzer and her colleagues had discovered soft tissue in the fossilized leg of a Tyrannosaurus rex, which she says was unusually soft and still transparent for being supposedly 68 million years old. But because its free radical oxidation potential can have an effect similar to formaldehyde, the chemical used in embalming, iron in the creature's blood may have preserved the soft tissue in ways previously undiscovered.

"The problem is, for 300 years, we thought, 'Well, the organics are all gone, so why should we look for something that's not going to be there?' and nobody looks," was Schweitzer's explanation as to why soft tissue hasn't been observed in other fossil excavations.

At the same time, Schweitzer's explanation for the preservation of soft tissue on dinosaur bones is still just a theory, and one that supporters of Armitage say ignores the presence of radioactive carbon-14 in dinosaur fossils. Carbon-14 (C-14) dating of dinosaur bones collected from many different sites across the U.S. have revealed that, at most, these bones are only 39,000 years old.

"Dinosaur bones with Carbon-14 dates in the range of 22,000 to 39,000 years before present, combined with the discovery of soft tissue in dinosaur bones, indicate that something is wrong with the conventional wisdom about dinosaurs," says New Geology.

Sources for this article include:

https://www.naturalnews.com/046315_dinosaur_fossils_soft_tissue_wrongful_termination.html
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« Reply #27 on: April 22, 2019, 04:46:27 am »

Soft-Bodied Fossils ‘Rapidly Buried in Sediment’ Discovered in China, Christians Point to Biblical Flood

Researchers in China have announced the discovery of a “treasure trove” of fossilized sea creatures, with some being soft-bodied organisms — a rare occurrence as tissues normally decompose and are not preserved unless there has been a rapid aquatic event. While some speculate that the marine life had been buried by a storm during the evolutionary “Cambrian Period,” Christians believe that the find points to the Great Flood as outlined in the Bible.

According to reports, the Burgess Shale-type fossils, known as the Qingjiang biota, provide a glimpse into ancient underwater communities, from jellyfish to sea anemones and comb jellies, to various arthropods and mud dragons.

The discovery has piqued the interest of paleontologists for a number of reasons, including that the find yielded a bountiful and diverse ecosystem, and that approximately half of the fossilized creatures look exactly as they do now and another half are new to scientists.

“[This is an] excellent preservation of so many Cambrian creatures,” Xingliang Zhang, study author and professor at Northwest University in Xi’an, told CNN. “Some are weird, some exactly look like what we have today.”

Fu Dongjing, an associate professor at the university, similarly told China.org that researchers have “spent a lot of time reading literature” in light of what they have considered “new species.”

The soft-bodied fossils are also significant in that their eyes, gills, and organs are so well-preserved. A number of larval or juvenile creatures were also embedded in the rock.

“One of the most incredible things about this finding is the pristine condition of many of these specimens — fossils that haven’t been substantially affected by impacts of time, and in them you can clearly see soft tissues like eyes, tentacles and gills,” Robert Gaines, professor of geology at Pomona College, said in a report released by the California-based school.

“[T]he majority of creatures are soft-bodied organisms like jellyfish and worms that normally stand no chance of becoming fossilized,”  he also explained to the BBC.

Zhang told the outlet that the creatures must have been “rapidly buried in sediment” by a storm to have been preserved so pristinely.

However, while researchers such as Zhang, Dongjing and Gaines date the discovery to the Cambrian Period of more than 500 million years ago, also known as the evolutionary “Cambrian Explosion” that “increased the variety of animal species and created the major types of animals that exist today,” Christian scientists believe that the find again points to the Great Flood that swept the entire earth, as outlined in the Scriptures.

“This storm idea is popular, but doesn’t fit all the facts,” Brian Thomas, a research associate with the Institute for Creation Research who hold a doctorate in paleo-biochemistry from the University of Liverpool, told Christian News Network. “If storms made fossils, then we could see it happen today. Much more was needed.”

“Zhang and his coauthors wrote in their technical report in ‘Science’ that sediment-gravity flows trapped these creatures. They also noted protection from bioturbation — where creatures churn through mud and obliterate bodies in their hunt for buried nutrients,” he explained. “Rapid burial of this many organisms at once happens nowhere today, and bioturbation happens all over. So, something unique happened back then.”

Thomas said that the “something unique” was the flood of Genesis.

“The biblical Flood gives us a cause for widespread seafloor turmoil like gravity flows,” he outlined. “But we also need the sea floor to dry out before bioturbation can happen. Well, the Flood only lasted a year. Flood muds soon dewatered and quickly hardened. The Bible says that the waters covered the land and then washed off the surface of the earth. We should therefore expect to see soft-bodied creatures locked in hardened mud on dry land.”

Gabriela Haynes, a researcher with Answers in Genesis who holds a doctorate in geology and paleontology from the Federal University of Ceará State in Brazil, agreed.

“Although the articles talks about Lagerstätte (a fossiliferous deposit that shows exceptional preservation), soft tissue is found in other areas that are not considered Lagerstätte. Finding soft tissue and very well-preserved fossil is related to the event that caused the death of those creatures, the global Flood,” she told Christian News Network.

“As creationists we understand that the Genesis Flood started with the opening of the ‘fountains of the great deep’ (Genesis 7:11),” she explained. “So, the marine invertebrates found in the Cambrian rocks represent the first layer of the Flood, that is a record of the organisms that likely lived and died in the seas. It does not represent an evolutionary event of diversification, but the result of the biblical catastrophe during Noah’s time.”

Thomas further advised why the timing of the fossilization cannot line up with the Cambrian Period — including the fact that radiocarbon does not last for more than 100,000 years.

“Our secular colleagues need millions of years to imagine evolution, so they have assigned 500-plus million years to Cambrian layers like these at Qingjiang. Biblically, the Flood hit about 4,500 years ago, not 500 million,” he noted. “We go with the Bible’s age for three reasons. First, the Flood best explains widespread, rapid burial and protection of seafloor creatures as well as having their remains atop continents rather than at the bottom of the sea. Flood geologists see Cambrian deposits as some of the first of many layers deposited during that Flood year.”

“Second, secular researchers have described original, soft, unaltered proteins in Cambrian sea sponges from Canada. Proteins can last thousands of years, but not a million,” Thomas outlined. “Finally, secular scientists have reported radiocarbon in Cambrian fossils. Radiocarbon lasts no longer than 100,000 years, yet there it is.”

Both Thomas and Haynes additionally pointed out that many of the fossils “exactly look like what we have today,” as Zhang remarked.

“[Jellyfish] look just like jellyfish. No evolution happened,” Thomas said. “These and other creatures, like sea jellies and tiny mud dragons, appear fully formed out of nowhere — just as if God created them.”

“In the Creation worldview, it is a not surprise that some creatures look very similar to what we see now. They were fossilized during the Genesis Flood that happened around 4 thousand years ago and not millions of years,” Haynes stated. “But this information is a challenge for the evolutionary worldview because more than 500 hundred millions of years did not bring any change in those organisms.”

https://christiannews.net/2019/04/20/soft-bodied-fossils-rapidly-buried-in-sediment-discovered-in-china-christians-point-to-biblical-flood/
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« Reply #28 on: March 03, 2020, 11:49:06 am »

Dinosaur DNA and proteins found in fossils, paleontologists claim

Palaeontologists have announced the discovery of organic material in 75-million year old dinosaur fossils. The team claims to have found evidence of cartilage cells, proteins, chromosomes and even DNA preserved inside the fossils, suggesting these can survive for far longer than we thought.

The researchers, from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and North Carolina State University, made the discovery in skull fragments of Hypacrosaurus, a duck-billed herbivore from the Cretaceous period. These particular specimens were “nestlings”, meaning that at time of death they weren’t yet old enough to leave the nest.

Inside the skull fragments, the team spotted evidence of extremely well-preserved cartilage cells. Two of them were still linked in a way that resembles the final stages of cell division, while another contained structures that look like chromosomes.

The next step was to check whether any original molecules or proteins could still be preserved, and to do so the team conducted two detailed analyses on other skulls from the same nesting ground, and compared the results to samples from young emu skulls that are (obviously) much more recent.

The first was an immunological test, which involves applying a substance that will react if it detects antibodies from a particular cell type. In this case, the test reacted to antibodies of Collagen II, a protein commonly found in the cartilage of animals. This, the team says, suggests that remnants of the original proteins are still present.

Understandably, the reaction was far fainter for the dinosaur samples than the emus. The dinosaurs’ staining was also localized in one spot, where as in the emu it was spread across the whole sample.

In the second test, the team hunted for dinosaur DNA. They isolated individual cartilage cells from the Hypacrosaurus, and applied two different staining substances that bind to DNA fragments. And sure enough, the staining occurred in the same pattern expected for modern cells.

The implications of potentially finding DNA in these samples are huge. Current thinking says that DNA can only persist for about a million years maximum – but these fossils are 75 million years old.

"These new exciting results add to growing evidence that cells and some of their biomolecules can persist in deep-time,” says Alida Bailleul, co-lead author of the study. “They suggest DNA can preserve for tens of millions of years, and we hope that this study will encourage scientists working on ancient DNA to push current limits and to use new methodology in order to reveal all the unknown molecular secrets that ancient tissues have.”

Of course, discoveries that completely shake up our understanding of biology can’t be taken lightly, and in the past similar findings have attracted their share of criticism. Dr. Mary Schweitzer, who was co-lead author on this new study, has previously made headlines in 2007 for finding proteins and other soft tissues preserved in a Tyrannosaurus rex femur.

But other scientists rallied against the bold claim. Some argued that the data was misinterpreted, while others suggested that bacterial biofilms, formed while the fossils were still in the ground, could have looked similar under the microscope. Another study found that the dinosaur samples may have been contaminated with ostrich DNA in the lab where they were examined.

That said, the researchers on the new study seem to have pre-empted some of these arguments. They point out that Collagen II isn’t produced by microbes, so bacterial biofilms wouldn’t cause the tests to come back positive. Biofilms would also create very different patterns in the DNA staining tests than what was seen here. And finally, the team says that the comparisons to emu samples were conducted in completely different labs, so there was no chance of cross-contamination.

While Jurassic Park remains firmly in the realm of fiction, the possibility that dinosaur DNA and organic molecules could persist for tens of millions of years is still fascinating, and it could teach us far more about these captivating, ancient creatures.

The research was published in the journal National Science Review.

https://newatlas.com/science/dinosaur-dna-proteins-fossils/?utm_source=New+Atlas+Subscribers&utm_campaign=5b5ef5f038-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2020_03_02_02_38&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_65b67362bd-5b5ef5f038-91888189
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« Reply #29 on: April 25, 2020, 07:37:47 am »

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